Inheritance: Unlocking Code Reusability in JavaScript

Introduction to Inheritance

Greetings, coder! Our voyage into Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) continues. Today, we will cover Inheritance, which can make our code more efficient and tidy.

Inheritance: First Example

Just as children inherit traits from their parents, child classes in programming inherit behaviors and properties from parent classes. Below is a practical example displaying a child class inheriting from a parent class: JavaScript // Parent class class Parent {constructor(name) {this.name = name; // name property} greet() {console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name}`); // greet method}} // 'Child' class extending 'Parent' class Child extends Parent {constructor(name, age) {super(name); // call to parent constructor of `Parent` this.age = age; // age property} info() {console.log(`I am ${this.age} years old.`); // info method}} const child = new Child('Alice', 10); child.greet(); // prints: Hello, my name is Alice child.info(); // prints: I am 10 years old. In this example, Child inherits from Parent, so it shares the greet() method, making our code smarter!

Understanding the 'extends' Keyword

To implement inheritance, we introduce a keyword: 'extends'. This powerful keyword allows a new class to inherit properties and methods from an existing class. Let's say, a 'child' class 'extends' from the 'parent' class. Let's see how a car can extend a vehicle . Both are entities with the potential for motion, but a car offers additional specific features — such as wheels. JavaScript // Vehicle class class Vehicle {constructor(name, speed) {this.name = name; // name property this.speed = speed; // speed property} move() {console.log(`${this.name} moves at ${this.speed} mph.`); // move method}} // 'Car' class extending 'Vehicle' class Car extends Vehicle {constructor(name, speed, wheels) {super(name, speed); // call to parent constructor this.wheels = wheels; // new wheels property} specs() {console.log(`I am a ${this.name} and I have ${this.wheels} wheels.`); // specs method}} const myCar = new Car('Toyota', 120, 4); myCar.move(); // prints: Toyota moves at 120 mph myCar.specs(); // prints: I am a Toyota and I have 4 wheels. In this code, the Car class extends from the Vehicle class, sharing the move() method.

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JavaScript

// Vehicle class
class Vehicle {
    constructor(name, speed) {
        this.name = name; // name property
        this.speed = speed; // speed property
    }
    move() {
        console.log(`${this.name} moves at ${this.speed} mph.`); // move method 
    }
}

// 'Car' class extending 'Vehicle'
class Car extends Vehicle {
    constructor(name, speed, wheels) {
        super(name, speed); // call to parent constructor
        this.wheels = wheels; // new wheels property
    }
    specs() {
        console.log(`I am a ${this.name} and I have ${this.wheels} wheels.`); // specs method
    }
}

const myCar = new Car('Toyota', 120, 4);
myCar.move(); // prints: Toyota moves at 120 mph
myCar.specs(); // prints: I am a Toyota and I have 4 wheels.

JavaScript

class Fruit {
    constructor(name) {
        this.name = name; // name property
        console.log(`Calling Fruit constructor with name=${name}`);
    }

    printName() {
        console.log(`Fruit name: ${this.name}`);
    }
}

class Apple extends Fruit {
    constructor(name, color) {
        super(name); // call to parent class constructor
        this.color = color; // color property
        console.log(`Calling Apple constructor with name=${name}, color=${color}`);
    }

    printColor() {
        console.log(`Color of ${this.name} is ${this.color}`);
    }
}

let apple = new Apple('Apple', 'Red');
// Prints:
// Calling Fruit constructor with name=Apple
// Calling Apple constructor name=Apple, color=Red

apple.printName(); // Prints: Fruit name: Apple
apple.printColor(); // Prints: Color of Apple is Red

JavaScript

class Parent {
    greet() {
        console.log('Hello from Parent');
    }
}

class Child extends Parent {
    // Method override
    greet() {
        console.log('Hello from Child');
    }
}

const child = new Child();
child.greet(); // prints: Hello from Child

class Parent {
    greet() {
        console.log('Hello from Parent');
    }
}

class Child extends Parent {
    // Method override
    greet() {
        console.log('Hello from Child');
    }
}

const child = new Child();
child.greet(); // prints: Hello from Child

JavaScript

class Fruit {
    constructor(name) {
        this.name = name; // name property
        console.log(`Calling Fruit constructor with name=${name}`);
    }

    printName() {
        console.log(`Fruit name: ${this.name}`);
    }
}

class Apple extends Fruit {
    constructor(name, color) {
        super(name); // call to parent class constructor
        this.color = color; // color property
        console.log(`Calling Apple constructor with name=${name}, color=${color}`);
    }

    printColor() {
        console.log(`Color of ${this.name} is ${this.color}`);
    }
}

let apple = new Apple('Apple', 'Red');
// Prints:
// Calling Fruit constructor with name=Apple
// Calling Apple constructor name=Apple, color=Red

apple.printName(); // Prints: Fruit name: Apple
apple.printColor(); // Prints: Color of Apple is Red

JavaScript

class Parent {
    greet() {
        console.log('Hello from Parent');
    }
}

class Child extends Parent {
    // Method override
    greet() {
        console.log('Hello from Child');
    }
}

const child = new Child();
child.greet(); // prints: Hello from Child