Imagine a program functioning as a factory. Any defect disrupts the line, much like errors or exceptions, that interrupt the program. Exceptions, or events that disrupt the typical flow provide error details through representative objects in Java.

Java organizes exceptions into a hierarchy. Frequent exceptions include ArithmeticException, IllegalArgumentException, NullPointerException, and IOException. Our program must handle these to ensure smooth execution.

In Java, we manually throw exceptions using the throw keyword, much like throwing a ball. This practice is useful for pre-empting known errors. There are different types of exceptions, but here is a small example throwing IllegalArgumentException when the provided name is null.

We throw an IllegalArgumentException when is , interrupting the program's execution.