Greetings! Today, we're exploring Binary Search, an efficient algorithm that pinpoints elements in a sorted list. It's like finding a house number on a long street — instead of starting from one end, you begin in the middle and, based on whether the house number is higher or lower, you search the right or left half of the list.

We'll learn to:

1. Understand Binary Search.
2. Implement Binary Search using recursion and iteration in JavaScript.
3. Analyze the time complexity of Binary Search.

Binary Search follows a divide-and-conquer strategy. It starts in the middle of a sorted list. If the middle value is the desired one, great! If not, it uses the sorted nature of the list to eliminate half of it. The side to eliminate is selected based on whether the target is smaller or larger than the middle value.

Let's implement Binary Search in JavaScript using recursion. Here's the code, accompanied by detailed comments:

This function calls itself recursively, gradually shrinking the search area until it finds the target.

Here, we create a Binary Search using a while loop in :