Hello once again! Today's lesson is centered around leveraging the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) — Encapsulation, Abstraction, Polymorphism, and Composition — to enhance code readability and structure. Buckle up for an exciting journey ahead!

OOP principles act as a scaffold for building readable, maintainable, and flexible code — these are the characteristics we seek while refactoring. By creating logical groupings of properties and behaviors in classes, we foster a codebase that's easier to comprehend and modify. Let's put this into perspective as we progress.

Encapsulation involves bundling related properties and methods within a class, thereby creating an organization that mirrors the real world.

Suppose we possess scattered student information within our program:

Although functional, the code could cause potential confusion as the related attributes and behaviors aren't logically grouped. Let's encapsulate!

After refactoring, all student-related properties and methods are contained within the Student class, thereby enhancing readability and maintainability.