Creating the To-Do Model

Introduction

Welcome to the lesson on creating the To-Do model in Django . In this lesson, we will focus on building the foundational model for our To-Do application. The goal is to help you understand how to define a model in Django, set up corresponding views, and map these views to URLs so that you can create and display To-Do items via an API endpoint. Models in Django are used to define the structure of your database tables. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to create a Todo model with fields for the task description and its completion status and expose this data through an API that you can test.

In Django, a model defines the structure of your database tables. Each model is a Python class that subclasses django.db.models.Model . It contains fields that represent the columns of the table. Let's create our Todo model. Here is the code for creating the basic Todo model in models.py : Python from django.db import models class Todo(models.Model): task = models.CharField(max_length=200) completed = models.BooleanField(default=False) def __str__(self): return self.task from django.db import models class Todo(models.Model): task = models.CharField(max_length=200) completed = models.BooleanField(default=False) def __str__(self): return self.task task : This field is a CharField, which is used to store text data. Note that CharField must have a max_length parameter. We set the max_length to 200, which means this field can store up to 200 characters. completed : This field is a BooleanField that stores a True or False value. We set the default value to False, meaning that a task is not completed by default.__str__(self) : This method returns the model's string representation. It is used when you print an instance of the model, or when the instance is displayed in the Django admin interface or Django shell. As we won't need it in the first courses of this path, we define it as simply the task.name . However, in your project, you can come up with any__str__method behaviour you find comfortable. This model represents an SQL table for storing tasks. The columns of this table will be id, task, and completed . Note that we don't need to define the id column manually, Django will create it automatically. Here is an illustration of how the SQL table would look: id task completed 1 Example Task 1 False 2 Example Task 2 True

id	task	completed
1	Example Task 1	False
2	Example Task 2	True

Common Field Types in Django Models

Join the 1M+ learners on CodeSignal

Be a part of our community of 1M+ users who develop and demonstrate their skills on CodeSignal

Python

from django.db import models

class Todo(models.Model):
    task = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    completed = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.task

Django Field	Python Type	Description
`CharField`	`str`	Used to store text data with a maximum length.
`BooleanField`	`bool`	Used to store `True`/`False` values.
`IntegerField`	`int`	Used to store integer values.
`FloatField`	`float`	Used to store floating-point numbers.
`DateField`	`datetime.date`	Used to store dates (without time).
`DateTimeField`	`datetime.datetime`	Used to store date and time.
`TextField`	`str`	Used to store large text data.
`EmailField`	`str`	Used to store email addresses.

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

python manage.py migrate

You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'priority' to todo without a default.

You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'priority' to todo without a default.

Python

priority = models.IntegerField(default=1)

priority = models.IntegerField(default=1)

Python

priority = models.IntegerField(null=True)

priority = models.IntegerField(null=True)

Python

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Todo

class TodoList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        todos = Todo.objects.all().values('task', 'completed')
        return Response({"data": todos})

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Todo

class TodoList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        todos = Todo.objects.all().values('task', 'completed')
        return Response({"data": todos})

Python

# project/myapp/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import TodoList

urlpatterns = [
    path('todos/', TodoList.as_view()),
]

# project/myapp/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import TodoList

urlpatterns = [
    path('todos/', TodoList.as_view()),
]

Python

import requests

URL = 'http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/todos/'  # Ensure the URL matches your endpoint
response = requests.get(URL)
print(response)  # {'data': []}

import requests

URL = 'http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/todos/'  # Ensure the URL matches your endpoint
response = requests.get(URL)
print(response)  # {'data': []}

Python

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from .models import Todo

class TodoList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        todos = Todo.objects.all()
        return Response({"data": todos})

    def post(self, request):
        task = request.data.get('task')
        completed = request.data.get('completed', False)
        todo = Todo.objects.create(task=task, completed=completed)
        return Response({"data": {"task": todo.task, "completed": todo.completed}}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from .models import Todo

class TodoList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        todos = Todo.objects.all()
        return Response({"data": todos})

    def post(self, request):
        task = request.data.get('task')
        completed = request.data.get('completed', False)
        todo = Todo.objects.create(task=task, completed=completed)
        return Response({"data": {"task": todo.task, "completed": todo.completed}}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

Python

import requests

URL = 'http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/todos/'  # Ensure the URL matches your endpoint

# Create a new To-Do item
new_todo = {'task': 'Learn Django', 'completed': False}
post_response = requests.post(URL, json=new_todo)
print(post_response.json())  # Expect to see the newly created TODO item

# Fetch all To-Do items
get_response = requests.get(URL)
print(get_response.json())  # Expect to see a list containing the new TODO item

import requests

URL = 'http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/todos/'  # Ensure the URL matches your endpoint

# Create a new To-Do item
new_todo = {'task': 'Learn Django', 'completed': False}
post_response = requests.post(URL, json=new_todo)
print(post_response.json())  # Expect to see the newly created TODO item

# Fetch all To-Do items
get_response = requests.get(URL)
print(get_response.json())  # Expect to see a list containing the new TODO item

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'priority' to todo without a default.

Python

priority = models.IntegerField(default=1)

Python

priority = models.IntegerField(null=True)

Python

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Todo

class TodoList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        todos = Todo.objects.all().values('task', 'completed')
        return Response({"data": todos})

Python

# project/myapp/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import TodoList

urlpatterns = [
    path('todos/', TodoList.as_view()),
]

Python

import requests

URL = 'http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/todos/'  # Ensure the URL matches your endpoint
response = requests.get(URL)
print(response)  # {'data': []}

Python

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from .models import Todo

class TodoList(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        todos = Todo.objects.all()
        return Response({"data": todos})

    def post(self, request):
        task = request.data.get('task')
        completed = request.data.get('completed', False)
        todo = Todo.objects.create(task=task, completed=completed)
        return Response({"data": {"task": todo.task, "completed": todo.completed}}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

Python

import requests

URL = 'http://0.0.0.0:3000/api/todos/'  # Ensure the URL matches your endpoint

# Create a new To-Do item
new_todo = {'task': 'Learn Django', 'completed': False}
post_response = requests.post(URL, json=new_todo)
print(post_response.json())  # Expect to see the newly created TODO item

# Fetch all To-Do items
get_response = requests.get(URL)
print(get_response.json())  # Expect to see a list containing the new TODO item