Introduction to Numbers in COBOL

Welcome back! In the previous lesson, you learned about defining and working with alphabetic variables in COBOL. Now, it's time to move on to another important topic: handling numbers. Understanding how to manage numeric data in COBOL is crucial, as many business applications require precise calculations and data manipulations.

What You'll Learn

In this lesson, you will learn how to define and use numeric variables in COBOL. Specifically, you will cover the following:

  1. Numeric Variables:

    • How to declare numeric variables.
    • How to assign values to numeric variables.
  2. Using the DISPLAY Statement:

    • How to print numeric values to the screen.

Let's take a look at an example to see these concepts in action:

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. NumericVariables.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 Account-Number PIC 9(10). *> Number with 10 digits
01 Short-Account-Number PIC 9(5) VALUE 1234. *> Number with 5 digits with initial value 1234
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
    MOVE 1234567890 TO Account-Number.
    DISPLAY "Account Number: " Account-Number. *> Will display 1234567890

    DISPLAY "Short Account: " Short-Account-Number. *> Will display 01234 as the value is 1234
    MOVE 12345 TO Short-Account-Number.
    DISPLAY "Short Account: " Short-Account-Number. *> Will display 12345
    MOVE 123456 TO Short-Account-Number.
    DISPLAY "Short Account: " Short-Account-Number. *> Will display 23456
    STOP RUN.
Understanding Numeric Variables

In COBOL, numeric variables are used to store and manipulate numerical data. They are defined using the PIC clause followed by a specification that indicates the type and size of the number.

For example:

COBOL
01 Account-Number PIC 9(10). *> Number with 10 digits
01 Short-Account-Number PIC 9(5) VALUE 1234. *> Number with 5 digits with initial value 1234
  • 01 Account-Number PIC 9(10). declares a numeric variable named Account-Number that can store up to 10 digits.
  • 01 Short-Account-Number PIC 9(5) VALUE 1234. declares a numeric variable named Short-Account-Number that can store up to 5 digits and is initially set to 1234.

Notice how the PIC clause is used to define the variable type and size. In this context, 9 indicates a numeric digit placeholder. When initializing variables, as seen with Short-Account-Number, you can use the VALUE keyword.

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