In this lesson, we'll deepen our understanding of the Test-Driven Development (TDD) mindset by focusing on the Red-Green-Refactor cycle with a practical example centered on a calculateTotal function. This example will guide you through the process of thinking in tests, prioritizing test writing, and leveraging TDD to enhance code clarity, reliability, and maintainability.

Using Java and JUnit, we'll follow these steps:

• Begin with the Red phase by identifying and writing failing tests for the calculateTotal function, which will compute the total price of items in a shopping cart.
• Move to the Green phase to implement the minimal code required to pass each test, ensuring that the calculateTotal function behaves as expected.
• Enter the Refactor phase to improve the code structure and readability of calculateTotal, employing techniques like Java Streams for aggregation while keeping tests green.
• Utilize JUnit as a testing framework to efficiently integrate the TDD approach within our Java project.

By working through this example, you'll gain practical experience with TDD principles and develop the calculateTotal function in a way that showcases how TDD fosters code quality and robustness.

Let's begin by writing tests for a function named (from class, which we'll take a look at soon), designed to compute the total price of items in a shopping cart. This is where you engage with the : Write a failing test.