Welcome to this interactive lesson on bar plots and histograms in R! In this lesson, we will embark on a beautiful journey through data visualization. We will focus on constructing bar plots and histograms using ggplot2. Are you ready? Let's begin!

A bar plot visually represents categorical data as rectangular bars, the lengths of which are proportional to their respective values. For instance, a bar plot is an ideal choice if we want to visualize a bookstore's sales data, where the categories are book names and the values are the sales numbers.

We can build a bar plot using the geom_bar() function from ggplot2. Observe the following example:

Let's break down the arguments for the geom_bar function:

• The stat argument in the geom_bar function specifies the statistical transformation for this layer to use on the data. In the provided example, we use stat="identity", which means that the heights of the bars are set to the values in the data. By default, uses , which counts the number of cases at each x position and plots a bar with the corresponding height.