Welcome to our exploration of queues and deques. These structures are pivotal in programming, managing everything from system processes to printer queues. In this lesson, our goal is to understand and implement queues and deques using TypeScript. Let's dive in!

A queue, much like waiting in line at a store, operates on the "First In, First Out," or FIFO, principle. Using TypeScript, we can implement queues with arrays. This involves methods such as push() for adding items and shift() for removing them.

The dequeued item, "Apple", was the first item inserted, showcasing the FIFO nature of queues.

Before calling shift(), which removes the first element from the queue, it's important to verify that the queue isn't empty. This check (queue.length > 0) prevents errors that occur when trying to remove an element from an empty array, as shift() returns when the array is empty.