Adding Extremely Large Numbers Represented as Strings | CodeSignal Learn

Adding Extremely Large Numbers Represented as Strings | CodeSignal Learn

Introduction

Hello and welcome! Today, we'll delve deep into a captivating problem that involves large numbers -- specifically, adding extraordinarily large numbers. As you may have noticed, traditional calculators and even some programming languages struggle when numbers get exceedingly large. To handle such scenarios efficiently, we'll simulate this process manually using strings. By the end of this discussion, you'll be able to add together numbers that have thousands or even tens of thousands of digits. Intriguing, right? Let's get started.

Task Statement

In today's task, we'll step into the world of large numbers, where, specifically, we are given two exceedingly large positive integers. However, these aren't your average, everyday large numbers. They are so vast they're represented as strings that can be up to 10,000 digits long! Accepting our mission means writing a Python function that binds these two "string-numbers" together. The challenge is to perform the addition without converting the entire strings into integers. Finally, our function should return the resulting sum, represented as a string. While it might seem daunting at first, don't worry -- we'll break it down step by step, mimicking how we manually add numbers.

Solution Building: Step 1

Before we start coding, let's consider the strategy we're going to adopt. You may recall that each digit in a number has a value, and the position of the digit determines its influence on the total value of the number. This system is called place-value notation. The first step requires initialization of our variables. We'll use two indices, i and j, to point to the current digit in num1 and num2, respectively. We'll also need a variable carry to hold carryovers from each addition operation. Lastly, we'll employ a list named res to hold our result, where each digit from the addition is appended at the front. Python def solution(num1, num2): i, j, carry, res = len(num1) - 1, len(num2) - 1, 0, []

Solution Building: Step 2

Having initialized our variables, we can advance to the next step, which involves scanning through num1 and num2 from right to left. This scanning goes from the least significant digit to the most significant one. For each iteration, we extract the digits n1 from num1 and n2 from num2 . If i or j is less than 0, we've processed all the digits in one of the numbers. Consequently, we consider these additional digits as 0. Python def solution(num1, num2): i, j, carry, res = len(num1) - 1, len(num2) - 1, 0, [] while i >= 0 or j >= 0 or carry > 0: n1 = int(num1[i]) if i >= 0 else 0 n2 = int(num2[j]) if j >= 0 else 0

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Solution Building: Step 3

After obtaining the digits n1 and n2, our immediate step is to add them. However, the carry, which accumulates any overflow from the addition of previous column digits, must also be added. This sum results in a two-digit number, in which the tens place becomes a new carry and the units place is the resultant digit. Subsequently, we append curr to res and decrement both i and j before embarking on the next iteration. Finally, we reverse res and join the digits into a single string to acquire our result. def solution(num1, num2): i, j, carry, res = len(num1) - 1, len(num2) - 1, 0, [] while i >= 0 or j >= 0 or carry > 0: n1 = int(num1[i]) if i >= 0 else 0 n2 = int(num2[j]) if j >= 0 else 0 total = n1 + n2 + carry if total > 9: carry = 1 else: carry = 0 curr = total%10 res.append(str(curr)) i, j = i - 1, j - 1 return ''.join(res[::-1]) # reverse the list and join into a single string

Python

def solution(num1, num2):
    i, j, carry, res = len(num1) - 1, len(num2) - 1, 0, []
    
    while i >= 0 or j >= 0 or carry > 0:
        n1 = int(num1[i]) if i >= 0 else 0
        n2 = int(num2[j]) if j >= 0 else 0
        total = n1 + n2 + carry
        if total > 9:
            carry = 1
        else:
            carry = 0
        curr = total%10
        res.append(str(curr))
        i, j = i - 1, j - 1

    return ''.join(res[::-1])  # reverse the list and join into a single string