Personalizing Your Tutor with System Prompts in PHP

Personalizing Your Tutor with System Prompts

Welcome to the next step in your journey of creating a personal tutor with DeepSeek! In the previous lessons, you learned how to send messages to DeepSeek's language model, explored model parameters, and understood the importance of maintaining tutoring session history. Now, we will focus on personalizing your AI tutor by using system prompts . System prompts allow you to define the tutor's personality and expertise, enabling you to customize the behavior and tone of the AI's responses. This lesson will guide you through creating a specialized math and science tutor, demonstrating how system prompts can shape the tutor's interactions.

Creating a System Prompt

A system prompt is a key tool for customizing the AI tutor's behavior, setting the stage for how it interacts with students. It acts as a directive that defines the tutor's personality and expertise, guiding its responses to align with a specific teaching style or subject focus. We call it a "system prompt" because it serves as an overarching instruction to the AI, distinct from user or assistant messages, which are part of the ongoing tutoring session. While user messages are inputs from the student interacting with the tutor, and assistant messages are the tutor's responses, the system prompt is a one-time setup that influences all subsequent interactions within a session. The system prompt does not persist across multiple sessions; it is reset each time a new session begins. If you change the system prompt mid-session, the AI will immediately adopt the new personality and expertise as defined by the updated prompt. However, for consistency and to avoid confusion, it's generally recommended to set the system prompt at the beginning of a session and maintain it throughout. Let's see a practical example of setting system prompts: PHP<?php require 'vendor/autoload.php'; use GuzzleHttp\Client; // Initialize the HTTP client $client = new Client([ 'base_uri' => getenv('OPENAI_BASE_URL'), 'headers' => [ 'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY'), 'Content-Type' => 'application/json', ] ]); // Define the tutor's personality and expertise $systemPrompt = "You are an experienced and patient tutor specialized in math and science, providing clear and concise explanations."; // Structure the tutoring session with a system prompt and student query $session = [ ["role" => "system", "content" => $systemPrompt], ["role" => "user", "content" => "Can you help me understand the concept of derivatives in calculus?"], ]; In this example, the system prompt is set first, establishing the AI as an experienced math and science tutor. This setup ensures that when the student asks a question, the AI responds in a manner consistent with its defined role. By placing the system prompt at the start, you create a cohesive and educational interaction, allowing the AI to maintain its teaching approach throughout the tutoring session.

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PHP

<?php

// Function to send a query and receive an explanation
function sendQuery($client, $messages) {
    $response = $client->post('chat/completions', [
        'json' => [
            'model' => 'deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3',
            'messages' => $messages,
            'stream' => false
        ]
    ]);

    $body = json_decode($response->getBody(), true);
    return trim($body['choices'][0]['message']['content']);
}

// Request explanation from the personalized tutor
$reply = sendQuery($client, $session);

// Display the tutor's response
echo "Tutor Response: " . $reply;

text

Tutor Response: Derivatives in calculus represent the rate of change of a function at a specific point. Think of it as finding the slope of the tangent line to a curve at any given point.

The derivative of a function f(x) is written as f'(x) or df/dx, and it tells us how quickly the output value changes as we slightly adjust the input value.

For example, if f(x) = x², then f'(x) = 2x. This means that at any point x, the rate of change is 2x. At x = 3, the derivative equals 6, indicating the function is increasing at a rate of 6 units per unit change in x at that point.

Would you like me to explain how to calculate derivatives using specific rules or provide more examples?

PHP

<?php

// Define a different tutor specialization
$historyTutorPrompt = "You are a passionate history tutor who specializes in making historical events engaging and memorable through storytelling and interesting facts.";

// Structure a new tutoring session
$historySession = [
    ["role" => "system", "content" => $historyTutorPrompt],
    ["role" => "user", "content" => "Can you tell me about the Industrial Revolution?"]
];

// Get response from the history-focused tutor
$historyReply = sendQuery($client, $historySession);
echo "History Tutor Response: " . $historyReply;

text

History Tutor Response: Absolutely! The **Industrial Revolution** was one of the most transformative periods in human history, marking the shift from agrarian, handcraft-based economies to industrialized, machine-driven production. It began in **Britain in the late 18th century** (around the 1760s) and later spread to Europe, North America, and the rest of the world.  

### **Key Features of the Industrial Revolution**  
1. **Technological Innovations**  
  - **Steam Engine** (James Watt, 1775) – Powered factories, trains, and ships.  
  - **Spinning Jenny & Power Loom** – Revolutionized textile production.  
  - **Bessemer Process** (1850s) – Made steel production faster and cheaper.
[...]

PHP

<?php

// Function to send a query and receive an explanation
function sendQuery($client, $messages) {
    $response = $client->post('chat/completions', [
        'json' => [
            'model' => 'deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3',
            'messages' => $messages,
            'stream' => false
        ]
    ]);

    $body = json_decode($response->getBody(), true);
    return trim($body['choices'][0]['message']['content']);
}

// Request explanation from the personalized tutor
$reply = sendQuery($client, $session);

// Display the tutor's response
echo "Tutor Response: " . $reply;

text

Tutor Response: Derivatives in calculus represent the rate of change of a function at a specific point. Think of it as finding the slope of the tangent line to a curve at any given point.

The derivative of a function f(x) is written as f'(x) or df/dx, and it tells us how quickly the output value changes as we slightly adjust the input value.

For example, if f(x) = x², then f'(x) = 2x. This means that at any point x, the rate of change is 2x. At x = 3, the derivative equals 6, indicating the function is increasing at a rate of 6 units per unit change in x at that point.

Would you like me to explain how to calculate derivatives using specific rules or provide more examples?

PHP

<?php

// Define a different tutor specialization
$historyTutorPrompt = "You are a passionate history tutor who specializes in making historical events engaging and memorable through storytelling and interesting facts.";

// Structure a new tutoring session
$historySession = [
    ["role" => "system", "content" => $historyTutorPrompt],
    ["role" => "user", "content" => "Can you tell me about the Industrial Revolution?"]
];

// Get response from the history-focused tutor
$historyReply = sendQuery($client, $historySession);
echo "History Tutor Response: " . $historyReply;

text

History Tutor Response: Absolutely! The **Industrial Revolution** was one of the most transformative periods in human history, marking the shift from agrarian, handcraft-based economies to industrialized, machine-driven production. It began in **Britain in the late 18th century** (around the 1760s) and later spread to Europe, North America, and the rest of the world.  

### **Key Features of the Industrial Revolution**  
1. **Technological Innovations**  
  - **Steam Engine** (James Watt, 1775) – Powered factories, trains, and ships.  
  - **Spinning Jenny & Power Loom** – Revolutionized textile production.  
  - **Bessemer Process** (1850s) – Made steel production faster and cheaper.
[...]

Personalizing Your Tutor with System Prompts

Creating a System Prompt

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Talking to Your Specialized Tutor

Customizing Tutor Expertise

Summary and Next Steps