Creating and Writing to a Sequential File

Welcome to this crucial unit in our COBOL File Handling course. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of creating and writing to a sequential file. This skill is essential, especially in environments like banking, where capturing and storing account details accurately is paramount.

In this lesson, you will learn how to create a new sequential file and write data into it using COBOL. Understanding this process is foundational for handling files, one of the core tasks in COBOL programming.

Here’s a glimpse of what the code will look like:

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. WriteToFile.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.

FILE-CONTROL.
    SELECT OutputFile ASSIGN TO 'accounts.dat'
    ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL.

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.

FD  OutputFile.
01  OutputRecord.
    05 Customer-Name PIC X(30).
    05 Account-Number PIC 9(10).

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
    OPEN OUTPUT OutputFile.
    MOVE "John Doe" TO Customer-Name.
    MOVE 1234567890 TO Account-Number.

    WRITE OutputRecord. *> Will write "John Doe                      1234567890" to the `accounts.dat` file
    CLOSE OutputFile.
    STOP RUN.

Let's break down the code snippet above:

• ENVIRONMENT DIVISION: This division is primarily responsible for specifying the computer environment. In addition, it defines the input and output sources for the program using the INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION and FILE-CONTROL.
  • INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.: This section defines the files and the necessary information needed to access them within the program. The section has a FILE-CONTROL paragraph that defines the files used in the program.
  • FILE-CONTROL: Here, we define the variable for the file using the SELECT statement. Notice the ORGANIZATION IS SEQUENTIAL clause, which specifies that the file is organized sequentially. In this case, we have a file named OutputFile that is assigned to the accounts.dat file.
• DATA DIVISION: This division defines the data structures used in the program.
  • FILE SECTION: This section defines the file structure. We have an FD entry for the OutputFile file, which contains the record structure OutputRecord with two fields: Customer-Name and Account-Number.

In the PROCEDURE DIVISION, we open the OutputFile file for writing using the OPEN OUTPUT OutputFile statement – this will create a new file if it doesn't already exist or open an existing file for writing and position the file pointer at the beginning. The content of the file will be overwritten if it already exists.

We then move values to the Customer-Name and Account-Number fields of the OutputRecord record.

Finally, we write the OutputRecord record to the OutputFile file using the WRITE OutputRecord statement. This will write the record to the file and advance the file pointer to the next record.