Greetings, programming enthusiast! In this lesson, we're embarking on a thrilling numerical quest where bridges connect islands of data. On these bridges, we'll encounter hashes and bins, all converging into sets! Throughout our journey, we'll utilize the fundamental concepts of Ruby's Set class to formulate an optimal solution. So, fasten your seatbelt and get ready to solve problems!

The task for this unit is to devise a Ruby method that accepts two arrays containing unique integers and returns another array containing the elements common to both input arrays. This task provides an intriguing perspective on deriving similarities between two data sequences, a scenario commonly encountered in data comparisons and analytics.

For illustration, suppose we're given two arrays:

The common_elements(array1, array2) method should search through these arrays of integers and extract the common elements between them.

The expected outcome in this case should be:

Before we delve into the optimized solution, it is instrumental to consider a basic or naïve approach to this problem and analyze its complexity. Often, our first intuitive approach is to iterate over both arrays in nested loops and find common elements. This way, for each element in the first array, we check for its presence in the second array. If it's found, it is added to our result array. Let's see how such a solution would look: