Welcome to the first lesson of "Creating a User-Friendly Interface with Gradio"! This is the third and final course in our learning path, "Building a Smart Code Translator with Haystack, FastAPI, and Gradio". So far, you've accomplished a lot: in the first course, you built a translation pipeline using Haystack and large language models; in the second, you exposed that pipeline as a web service using FastAPI. Now, you're ready to bring everything together by designing an intuitive interface that lets users interact with your code translator. In this course, you'll learn how to use Gradio to build interactive UIs, connect them to your backend, and deliver a polished user experience. Today, we'll focus on prototyping the interface — laying the foundation for a smooth and engaging user journey.

Gradio is a Python library that makes it easy to create web-based interfaces for any Python function, especially those involving machine learning or data processing. Its main strength lies in how quickly you can go from an idea to a working prototype, all without needing to write any HTML, CSS, or JavaScript.

Some of the best features offered by Gradio include:

• Ready-made interactive components like code editors, buttons, and textboxes, which are perfect for code input and output.
• Rapid iteration: You can tweak your interface and see changes instantly, making it easy to experiment with different layouts and workflows.
• Seamless integration: Gradio interfaces can later be connected to your FastAPI backend, so your prototype will evolve naturally into the final product.

Imagine you want to test how users might interact with your translator, or you want to show a demo to a teammate. With Gradio, you can have a working prototype in minutes, not days. This lets you focus on the user experience from the very beginning.

Let's start by setting up the basic structure of our Gradio application. This will give us a solid base to build on as we add more features.

Let's break down what's happening here and how Gradio works under the hood:

• Core Idea: Gradio lets you build web interfaces for Python functions by assembling UI components (like buttons, code editors, and textboxes) and wiring them to your logic. You don't need to write any frontend code—Gradio handles rendering, layout, and interactivity for you.
• gr.Blocks: This is a flexible container that holds and organizes your UI components. Unlike Gradio's simpler Interface class, Blocks gives you full control over layout, grouping, and advanced workflows. As your app grows, you can nest components, arrange them in rows or columns, and create multi-step interfaces — all within Blocks.
• The with Statement: In Python, the with statement is used for context management. Here, it tells Gradio: “Everything indented under this block belongs to this particular UI.” When you use with gr.Blocks(...) as demo:, you're saying that all the components you define inside this block are part of the demo app. In technical terms, it scopes all UI components defined inside it to the current Blocks instance. This makes your code cleaner and ensures all UI elements are properly registered.
• Returning the App: By returning the demo object, you get a handle to your Gradio app, which you can later launch or further configure.

This structure is both readable and powerful, making it easy to add, remove, or rearrange components as your interface evolves.

To launch the app, we just need to call the .launch() method of the demo object:

In this simple snippet:

• The demo.launch(server_name="0.0.0.0", server_port=3000) line starts a web server and makes your app accessible in the browser via port 3000.
• server_name="0.0.0.0" makes the app available on all network interfaces, allowing access from other devices on the same network. If you use the default ("127.0.0.1"), the app will only be reachable locally from the same computer.
• Important consideration: exposing your app on 0.0.0.0 is convenient for development but introduces security considerations. In production, you should implement authentication, use firewalls, or bind to specific interfaces as needed.
• The if __name__ == "__main__" guard ensures the server launch code only runs when the script is executed directly, not when imported as a module. This prevents accidentally launching multiple instances if you modularize your project later.

Since we haven't connected to the real backend yet, we'll use a mock function to simulate translation. This lets us build and test the interface without worrying about the backend for now.

This function takes a string of code and returns a tuple: the “translated” code and an explanation. If the input is empty, it gently reminds the user to enter something. Otherwise, it returns a hardcoded JavaScript snippet and a sample explanation. Returning a tuple here is important because Gradio’s event system expects the function's outputs to match the number of output components linked via .click(). Since we output both a translated code block and an explanation textbox, the function must return exactly two items — one for each output.

This approach is practical for prototyping, as it allows you to focus on the UI and user flow before integrating real logic.

Now, let's add the interactive components that users will see and use. Gradio makes this process both simple and flexible.

Let's dissect it:

• The interface is built by stacking Gradio components (like gr.Markdown, gr.Code editors, gr.Button, and gr.Textbox) inside a gr.Blocks container, which defines the layout and flow of the user experience.
• The two Markdown components display formatted text at the top of the interface: one serves as a large, friendly title, and the other provides instructions. Markdown components are used for adding headings, descriptions, or any type of rich text.
• The first Code component creates an editable code editor where users can paste or type their Python code. The Code component provides syntax highlighting and a multi-line input area specifically designed for source code.
• The Button component adds a clickable button labeled "Translate." When pressed, it triggers the translation process (we'll connect it to the mock translation function in a moment). Buttons are used to initiate actions or events in the interface.
• The second Code component is a read-only code editor that displays the translated code in JavaScript. This component is set to non-interactive mode so users can view but not edit the output.
• The Textbox component is a read-only text area that shows an explanation of the translation. Textboxes can be used for both input and output, but here it’s set to display-only mode to present information to the user.

This layout is both practical and visually appealing, giving users a clear workflow from input to output.

The final step in our prototype is to connect the button to our mock translation function, so the interface responds to user actions.

This line tells Gradio: when the “Translate” button is clicked, take the code from the input editor, pass it to mock_translate, and display the results in the output code block and explanation textbox. Gradio handles all the data flow and UI updates for you, so you can focus on the user experience rather than wiring up events manually.

This event-driven approach is what makes Gradio so effective for rapid prototyping. You can quickly test different workflows and see how users will interact with your app.

You've now built a working prototype of your code translation interface! By combining a flexible app structure, a mock translation function, and thoughtfully designed UI components, you've created an interactive experience that's ready for user feedback and further development.

In the next lessons, you'll enhance this interface with more advanced features and connect it to your real backend, transforming your prototype into a fully functional application. For now, take a moment to explore your interface and think about how you might improve the user experience as you move forward, and get ready to practice what you've learned in this lesson. Happy coding!